Tuesday 30 November 2021

Fire In Fire Out: Two Industry Pioneers Creating a Live-Resin Legacy in California

If you’ve never been up the North Coast of California into Humboldt County, it’s an unusual paradise. Giant redwoods tower over backyard barbecues, flowering trees sprout gargantuan blossoms, and dense rainforests snuggle shoulder to shoulder with sandy beaches.

The Pacific Ocean, violent and unpredictable, beckons visitors to a shoreline littered with fallen trees and rocky islands just out of reach.

It harbors a bit of magic and somehow the Kraken and Bigfoot don’t feel like fairy tales in the greatness of Humboldt’s often untamed wilderness. 

This is the setting in which Case Mandel and Lizandro Salazar V built their bond with cannabis.

Before launching the county’s first operationally licensed botanical extraction company, they spent years living out of their trucks in ancient forests, tending secret fields, and learning firsthand why the Emerald Triangle is the world’s finest climate for cannabis cultivation.

Mandel has already found success with Cannadips, the nation’s first cannabis and CBD dip.

As that brand continues to grow, he and Salazar are building a new kind of extract company. They’re using single-source, flash-frozen, sun-grown buds to form the foundation of their live resin line — Arcata Fire. 

In this exclusive interview, we speak with Mandel and Salazar to discover their inspiration, their strategy, and what’s next for their award-winning line of live resin extracts.

Cannabis & Tech Today: When did you realize you wanted to launch ArcataX?

Case Mandel: I was the first one of us actually involved in hydrocarbon extraction even though Lizandro and I were using bubble bags years before. I bought one of the first closed-loop extraction machines ever built in the early days of hydrocarbon extraction.

After working in the traditional extraction market I met my wife. She gave me an ultimatum — if she was going to continue to spend time with me and look to build a family, I needed to stop working in a market that could jeopardize my freedom. 

Luckily, I had just completed an MBA and California just passed prop 64 for recreational legalization, so I took my skill set to the newly legal market. My first step in creating the business was doing what I do best and connecting people. I went out and found a capital partner as well as a partner for cutting-edge custom extraction equipment. Then I brought in my high school best friend Lizandro [Salazar] to design and manage the project. He took it by the horns and we were able to become the first legal, operational extraction facility in Humboldt County.  

Lizandro Salazar V: The aha moment was a little different for me. I was working on a cultivation premise, building it from scratch actually. Everyone was cultivating, but no one had a license because many were in the application process — at that time, the application process was as far as you could go. One morning we went down to the house to get our breakfast, and there was a huge convoy of sheriffs, the state water board, natural resources, fish and wildlife… all these people were there.

The next thing I know there were shotguns in my face. Long story short, they let us go, but we ended up being the first farm in the application process in Humboldt County to get raided. When I saw that happen, I was like, “Wow, legal cultivation is a little bit sketchy.” We need to look to manufacturing as a potential next step.

Very shortly after we started, we realized the industry was commoditizing extremely quickly. Within a few months we saw prices start dropping, and as that drop started happening, margins changed, competition went up. That’s truly where the transformation from ArcataX as a crude manufacturer turned into ArcataX as a premium, live resin manufacturer.

C&T Today: What’s unique about what ArcataX is doing in the industry?

LS: We’re one of a very few companies that actually go to farms to harvest the crops ourselves. We started doing these harvesting SOPs, which were all about preserving the freshness of these aromas and profiles, to be representative of what that plant smells like while it’s growing. 

Because of the scale of our equipment, we were also able to harvest and freeze within a very small amount of time, and also extract that material — sometimes the same day. If you’re harvesting 2000 square feet, and it takes you two months to extract, well that’s cool, but we would harvest a couple thousand square feet and extract it the following day. We were able to take these gardens all the way from peak ripeness to almost a finished product in very, very little time. 

Then we started seeing the data around these oils being extremely high in terpene content, extremely diverse in types of terpenes, even terpenes you wouldn’t ever see at other places. Then we realized this is something really special. 

C&T Today: The ability to get your products to the shelves faster — was that the result of the specific technology you were using or rather the scale of the technology you were using?

LS: I like to think of it like a perfect storm of knowing the right people, growing the right genetics, at the right time, at the right place. It’s technology alongside SOPs. 

Then we started really digging into — not only how fast can we extract this material, but how pure can we make it? That’s where our solvent-free process became one of our foundational components.

We use certain solvents that were chosen because of the selectivity they have when attracting these certain special cannabis compounds. Then, recovering all of that solvent out of the finished product to a non-detectable level. 

C&T Today: Why did ArcataX choose to pursue live resins, specifically?

LS: The plant itself has a code, or a recipe, or a certain fingerprint it’s putting out. Every strain and every plant has a different one. Within that code, there are good things and bad things. Through our extraction process, we can pull out what we consider the best parts of that code. 

We don’t want to break that code into little chunks. We want to make sure it’s cohesive because that terpene profile, that certain amount of potency and cannabinoids, types of cannabinoids and flavonoids, and all of these other compounds … those all are part of the musical orchestra that creates the symphony that is the experience that has given us award-winning results.

What live resin does, is it captures that essence at the moment of harvest and preserves it almost in its entirety. When you open a jar or take a hit, you’re basically getting that same experience as if you were walking to that farm, squeezing that flower, and smelling it yourself.

C&T Today: ArcataX sources much of its feed material from micro-climates. Why is that important to you?

LS: Systems of plants and animals typically work better when there’s a diversity of different species occupying different parts of the three-dimensional environment. Our farms are usually surrounded by acres of forest. Our farmers typically plant tons of different types of species around their gardens that bring in predatory insects that eat pests.

On the soil side, a lot of our farmers have been building their soil for decades and decades. These soils are native, and they’re extremely nutrient rich. A lot of these soils, because of the water table and the proximity to the river, have an ability to wick up during the night and then down during the day. Our best farmers don’t even have to irrigate. 

C&T Today: You launched Arcata Fire earlier this year and took first place in the Live Resin Cartridge Category at the Emerald Cup. What do you think made your product stand out to the judges?

CM: Our win with the judges was a representation of the incredible starting material we’ve been able to source as a result of the relationships we’ve developed over the past twenty years.

That material, coupled with the SOPs we’ve developed over hundreds of thousands of pounds of extraction, gave us the advantage.

LS: There’s a sentence you’ll hear around the industry: fire in, fire out. You can’t get a good finished product unless you start with something good. Arcata Fire is from our best of our best, premium crops that we won’t sell to anyone else because it is so coveted by us. It’s all single source, meaning it all comes from the same place. It’s all single batch, meaning that I don’t mix and blend different strains together. It’s all 100% live resin, which means everything that’s in each product is 100% derived from that flash-frozen material.

There are all these little things that come together and create a place where the consumer is saying, “Wow,
this is the best cannabis product I’ve ever had,” and we see that now almost every day. It’s just taking California by storm and we’re really proud of it. ϖ



Via https://cannatechtoday.com/fire-in-fire-out-two-industry-pioneers-creating-a-live-resin-legacy-in-california/


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The leafie CBD Christmas gift guide

It’s fair to say that the CBD market in the UK is now full to bursting with innovative and interesting products. The days of ‘one oil fits all’ are long gone, which is great for consumers, but it does mean that choices can be overwhelming.

Thinking about giving the gift of cannabinoids this Christmas but don’t know where to start? Look no further than the leafie CBD christmas gift guide, we’ve got something for everyone, from beginners to the dedicated cannabinoid consumer. 

If something on our list catches your eye head over to our Instagram, as we’ll be giving away all of these products and more in our 12 days of Christmas competition!

For the everyday CBD user – Apothem CBD Oil Drops Ritual Kit

Apothem CBD drops gift set

Already know someone who’s getting their daily dose of CBD? Add a touch of luxury to their life with the beautiful Apothem CBD Drops Ritual Kit. Containing a selection of different CBD drops, all designed for a specific time of day, Apothem create botanic blends expertly crafted to support your body and mind from morning to night.

RRP £195 via https://apothemlabs.com/collections/drops-new/products/cbd-oil-drops-ritual-kit-small

For the cannabinoid connoisseur – Cannanda CB2 range

cannanda UK

Cannanda is an award-winning brand in its native country of Canada, but it’s only just starting to make waves here in the UK. These unique products don’t contain any CBD at all, instead, they are made up of terpenes, the compounds responsible for the unique smell of cannabis. Terpenes also have a wide range of therapeutic health properties, just like CBD, and Cannanda products can work alongside a CBD to increase benefits and boost results. Their terpene blends are perfect for the expert CBD connoisseur in your life. 

From £35.99 via https://greenterpenes.co.uk/

For the person always on the go – Charlottes Web Immunity Gummies

charlottes web immunity gummies

No one needs reminding that our bodies have had a bit of a battering over the last couple of years. Thanks to lockdowns and isolation, we’ve all been feeling the pressure on our immune systems over the winter. Charlottes Web is one of the oldest and most respected CBD brands in the world, and these immune-boosting gummies contain CBD and a range of vitamins and extracts designed to keep your immune system in tip-top shape as we ride out the winter months.

RRP £55 via https://savagecabbageltd.com/product/charlottes-web-immunity-gummies/

For the CBD beginner – Belieibis 1000mg CBD Oil

Beleibis CBD oil 1000mg

CBD might be experiencing a bit of a moment in the spotlight, but not everyone is aware of the benefits yet. If you’re thinking about giving the gift of CBD to an absolute beginner, then this 100mg CBD oil from Beliebis is the perfect place to start. Beliebis are a UK brand focused on quality and transparency, and their 11% oil is a great starting strength for a first-timer. 

RRP £49.99 via https://beliebis.co.uk/1000mg-full-spectrum-cbd-oil-uk/

For the lovers – LadyA After Dusk Gift Set

Lady A giftset

Lady A is a CBD brand designed by women, for women. This stylish and sophisticated brand have created a night time CBD gift set that is bound to get the senses tingling. Featuring a  massage oil scented with essential oils and a CBD lubricant oil designed to enhance pleasure and intimacy, this gift set is perfect for the lovers wanting to add a touch of CBD to their love life. The gift set also includes 100% silk eye mask, perfect for relaxation or anything else your mind desires…

RRP £130 via https://www.ladya.health/collections/gift-set/products/after-dusk-gift-set

For the sporty (Welsh) one – Joio RWB

Joio Rwb CBD

Joio is a craft CBD brand with fiercely and beautifully Welsh identity. Hand made in Wales by Daf, the brand is focused on education not only on the healing powers of CBD but the Welsh language too. Their CBD RWB (rub) also contains CBG, and gets glowing reviews from users. Perfect for relieving the aches and pains from training hard, whether in the gym or pounding the paths of the Welsh valleys. 

From £20 via https://joiocbd.cymru/product/joio-rwb/

For the person who’s not sure about CBD (yet) – Light Garden CBD Capsules

lightgarden cbd capsules

There can be a number of reasons why people are reluctant to try CBD. For some, the thought of holding a grassy oil under the tongue can seem confusing, or off-putting. Others might be worried about THC content interfering with work, drug tests, or they might just believe that THC is something to be avoided. Fortunately, these Light Garden CBD capsules are both free of THC and any taste of CBD. The branding is welcoming and a million miles away from the typical hemp leaf motif, perfect for onboarding those reluctant neigh-sayers and welcoming them to the world of CBD and its unique benefits. 

RRP £50 via https://www.lightgardenshop.com/products/light-garden-premium-cbd-capsules

Make sure you’re following us on Instagram for the chance to win all of these products and more in our 12 days of Christmas giveaway!


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Boris Johnson urged to unlock £1.2 billion cannabis industry

Drug reform and advocacy group Volteface have published a detailed report outlining the positive impact of the cannabis industry on a post-Brexit UK economy still reeling from the devastating effects of the COVID pandemic.

The report, entitled ‘The New Leaf: Beyond Brexit, Countering Covid’ encourages the UK government to work more closely and cooperatively with businesses to enable the continued growth and development of a strong and successful UK medicinal cannabis market.  

The authors highlight there have already been many economic developments and successes in the UK medicinal cannabis market since 2018, when the government announced that patients were to be allowed to have cannabis prescribed to them by a specialist doctor. Although there have been these huge strides forward in the industry the report stresses governmental and regulatory rules must be developed further in order for the industry to capitalise and continue the enormous success and growth currently being enjoyed. Some highlights of the last few years include:

  • GW Pharmaceuticals was acquired by Jazz Pharmaceuticals in a huge deal at the beginning of 2021 for $7.6 billion.
  • The UK is not only currently Europe’s, but the world’s largest exporter of legal cannabis with 320 tonnes being exported in 2019, according to a UN report.
  • In September 2020 the London Stock Exchange announced they would allow cannabis companies to float, with companies taking up the opportunity including; Love Hemp, Kanobo and the David Beckham backed Cellular Goods.
  • The UK CBD industry is going from strength to strength, with products being widely available to the public in supermarkets, health shops and many independent and larger online outlets.
  • Regulations currently being introduced by the Food Standards Agency (FSA) are intended to clarify the rules for manufacturers and vendors, increase product safety and provide a much needed boost for consumer confidence. 

“The UK has a fantastic opportunity to become the premier European jurisdiction for cannabis-related business. We hope that the UK government will take notice of the report’s recommendations to create a regulatory environment that is robust, yet supportive of cannabis companies. The growth potential for this industry is so impressive and we want to see the UK at the forefront of this.” said Robert Jappie, Partner at Ince Gordon Dadds, commenting on the report.  

Highlights of the exciting opportunities and developments that are underway in the UK medicinal cannabis market include:

  • By analysing job statistics from countries and states that only have medicinal (not adult-use) cannabis markets and comparing them to a scaled UK sized market, the report estimates that the UK medicinal cannabis market could be worth £1.2 billion per year, and create as many as 41,500 jobs for the industry, plus a further 17,000 ancillary jobs.
  • Progress within the UK government is already in motion, with the FSA’s much delayed list of companies that have been granted the Novel Foods license to produce and sell CBD products to be published any time now.
  • Europe currently has the fastest growing CBD and medicinal cannabis markets in the world. The UK is uniquely positioned to capitalise on this with its more advanced legislation and legal framework.
  • The UK were early adopters of the medicinal cannabis financial markets with, the LSE allowing companies to float since February 2021, this invites economic investment.

The UK has long been at the forefront of drug research and development and is home to two of the worlds largest pharmaceutical companies. The industry generates around £21 billion for the UK economy and is known for attracting the most talented minds in the profession, employing 63,000 people. The report states the UK medicinal cannabis industry is perfectly placed to exploit these excellent market conditions, in turn increasing innovation and research into cannabis and unlocking even more of the potential opportunities: “As an emerging market, [cannabis] R&D has the real potential to flourish. We can expect to see further innovation in the sector, bringing new products to the market.”

The report also highlights the potential of the CBD market, which is predicted to grow to a value of £1 billion in 2026. CBD can be purchased now in high street shops such as Superdrug, Tesco, Boots and Holland and Barrett. The report predicts that the implication of the Novel Foods license will see more familiar names enter the market, thus increasing access and value to the consumer. The UK will be uniquely positioned in the market because of the implication of novel foods, which will provide it with a massive advantage over the rest of Europe. “The advantage of novel food regulations has been a neglected aspect to the debate. Whilst the drawbacks of regulatory hurdles have been stressed, the long-term implications these regulations have for the CBD sector have not been considered in detail. Achieving novel food compliance will allow CBD companies to set the highest standards in the global industry.”

Although the report highlights many positive aspects of the UK medicinal cannabis market, and expects a period of strong growth, it warns that with strong developments happening in countries such as Denmark and France, the UK industry must do more to protect itself from competition by increasing patient access to products. 

With only three prescriptions so far being given out by the NHS, the private sector is leading the way with approximately 2500 patients. However, this pales in comparison to the estimated 1.4 million people that use cannabis obtained through the illicit market for medicinal reasons. Many of these patients are financially prohibited from accessing the legal market, or they simply didn’t know that it is an option. Recommendations to increase patient access from the report include an increase in investment which they say can broaden access and bring down the price for patients, the report also recommends: 

  • The appointment of a ‘cannabis tsar’ or the creation of a governmental body in the UK to oversee the expansion of the UK medical cannabis industry. Current decision making lies with the Home Office, slowing down development. A governmental body for cannabis will harmonise development in the sector.
  • The Food Standards Association should provide clarity around the amount of THC to be permitted in CBD products.
  • The British Chambers of Commerce should invest in innovation for the cannabis sector, legitimising cannabis as a growth sector.
  • Allowing UK farmers to extract CBD from hemp flower. This would be a significant boost to the CBD industry by allowing for local extraction sites. It would also be a symbolic step toward normalising hemp production and enabling further innovation development in the cannabis sector.
  • Simple amendments to legislation change to improve to facilitate the flow of products. Currently, customs and other legislative bodies are slowing down and increasing costs of supply, limiting consumer and patient access.
  • Amend the regulation requiring medical cannabis prescriptions to be made by doctors on the specialist register. This could be replaced by doctors undertaking a suitable CPD qualification. The UK should follow in Germany’s footsteps in regards to how quickly the sector can grow if allowed.
  • Increase the evidence base for cannabis-based medicinal products in the UK in order to expand patient access on the NHS. 

Author of the report, Katya Kowalski, Head of Strategy at Volteface says “It is an exciting time for the UK cannabis industry, as it stands on the brink of expansion. The space must capitalise on sustainable growth and encourage innovation in order to be seen as a serious industry. The report’s findings indicate the opportunity for a lucrative market is there. Now the UK must work toward streamlined development so the sector truly takes off”.



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Monday 29 November 2021

Review – Ardoa Organics

Ardoa Organics is a CBD brand that puts testing, provenance and science at the forefront of product development. Their specially formulated CBD products are some of the best on the market, all developed in house. Because of this attention to detail and rigorous approach to detail, we couldn’t wait to get a selection of their products into the hands of our review team after learning more about the brand a few weeks ago. As always, the reviews are the words of everyday CBD users who have road-tested the products for a few weeks before telling us what they think.

Ardoa S-drops, Cerulean53 CBD Oil

I suffer quite badly with period and ovulation pain and quite recently was diagnosed with Endometriosis. This means most of the month my pelvis is tense with constant dull aching pains. I started taking Ardoa S- drops in the hope to relieve some of the tension in my lower back and pelvis area. 

Ardoa S-drops came in neat and informative packaging with an extensive peel back label full of ingredients and instructions on the bottle. It also stated recommended usage which was really helpful. The taste wasn’t that bad either. It tasted grassy but was not overpowering and didn’t linger after I swallowed the dose. My only negative was that the pipet didn’t have any measurements on it which is something I think would help clear up how much CBD oil is classed as one dose. 

I started with taking one drop twice a day however increased the dosage to three drops on days where I felt my chronic pain was worse. Whilst I did not notice any noticeable pain relief when taking Ardoa S- drops on its own, it did however help when combined with prescribed medication. Without doubt my mindset and anxiety improved on the days I took it and perhaps the longer I take the product the more it will do for my pain. I will definitely continue to take it to see. 

Eleanor D,
Accrington, UK

https://www.ardoamarket.co.uk/pr/ardoa-s-drops-cbd-oil-cerulean53-10-ml-15-cannabinoid-content/

Ardoa Bodycare Teal22, CBD Muscle, Joint & Skin Recovery Cream

Each year, around the time the heating goes on, I get itchy, dry skin that I inevitably scratch until I break the skin. This has been ongoing for years and only certain products will clear it up.

It just so happens that I was asked to review this cream around the time summer ends and by coincidence, I’ve just taken up training at the gym, so I was curious to see if this product would help me with recovery and the coming months of itchiness.

So far so good, my legs haven’t dried out. I can’t begin to tell you how many products I’ve tried and only ‘hardcore’ creams like E45 do the trick usually. I’ve also been using the product after the gym but to be honest, I had a couple of weeks break just as the cream arrived so I can’t give an honest answer on the results there yet, but as a skin cream, this works 100% and I expect it to keep delivering. 

The product has a really nice smell, not clinical like E45, I’d say botanical but not overpowering. Almost edible. I can’t work out what the smell is, but it’s really pleasant nonetheless! it rubs in really nicely, rather than leaving a weird white film and the tin feels a bit more luxurious compared to a clinical cream. I’d happily ditch the E45 for this so thanks!

Steve D
Leeds, UK

https://www.ardoamarket.co.uk/pr/ardoa-bodycare-teal22-cbd-muscle-joint-and-skin-recovery-cream-50-ml/

Ardoa S-drops, Indigo66 Night-time CBD Oil 

When approached about reviewing this product I was excited about testing it, especially as this is dedicated to night time use. I have previously used CBD capsules to help with sleeping and to improve my skin. I find them convenient and easy to consume as they have no taste. I have never used an oil before because of the flavour, this has previously put me off, but on this occasion, I was willing to give Ardoa ‘s Indigo66 oil a try. 

The product comes in a glass bottle, in a cardboard box, branded nicely, with a medicinal feel, the label on the bottle shows clear instructions and ingredients. It comes with a small measuring plastic spoon. The oil is easy to pour, but to get the correct measure right was tricky, I would prefer a dropper to avoid spillage/mess. The flavour wasn’t too bad, it has a light grassy taste but once swallowed it leaves little after taste.

I believe this product really did help with my sleep, and I feel like it worked quicker and better than the capsules. I would recommend this product even at the high price, you can’t put a price on a good night’s sleep.

Leanne T,
Cheshire, UK

https://www.ardoamarket.co.uk/pr/ardoa-s-drops-cbd-oil-indigo66-night-time-use-100-ml-1520mg/

Ardoa M-drops, Amber42 CBD Oil

As a woman in her late 50’s I thought the aches and pains I was experiencing were a normal part of growing older! But they became so bad that I needed to consult my GP. I was diagnosed with a rheumatic condition requiring long term medication.

Not wanting to rely solely on the prescribed medicine, particularly as one of the significant side effects is disrupted sleep, for the last two weeks  I have been using Ardoa Amber 42 CBD Oil to help with my sleep and aches and pains. I started off with 3 droplets for a few days, just before bedtime then progressed to recommended 6 droplets.

I am now free of pain and far more mobile than I have been for months. This is probably due to the medication but I believe that the CBD oil is helping me relax at bedtime so that I get off to sleep much easier. I still don’t sleep as long as I would like at night but the hours I’m getting now are much deeper than before I started using this oil.

I have tried other CBD oils which have been very harsh on the throat with a very unpleasant aftertaste. Whilst this oil still has a grassy flavour it isn’t too over powering or unpleasant and it is certainly smoother.

Roz K
Beeston, UK

https://www.ardoamarket.co.uk/pr/ardoa-m-drops-cbd-oil-amber42-10-ml-10-cbd-content/

Cross Pro Topical

I am a cyclist and general outdoors active person, who regularly rides multi-day endurance events. Long days back to back on the bike can leave both muscles and joints sore, tender and inflamed so managing this to avoid injury is critical to my enjoyment and success in completing big physical challenges. Having used various different products, I was keen to try the Cross Pro Topical CBD Recovery Cream to see if this could provide a solution.

I tested the Recovery Cream after completing a 36 hour endurance event on the bike, that left my quads extremely tight, and a large amount of inflammation and resulting pain in my right knee joint.

The cream itself is light, what I’d describe as a whipped texture with a neutral, clean smell. Following the instructions, I applied a generous amount to my quads in a circular motion until all the cream had been absorbed. It has a slight cooling sensation, I’m guessing from the aloe, which feels soothing on the skin and aching muscles.

I used this product every evening for three or four days after the event, combined with some gentle foam rolling and I was really impressed. I felt noticeable relief each morning when I woke up.

I used this product every evening for three or four days after the event… I was really impressed. I felt noticeable relief each morning when I woke up.

Given the large area I was working on (quads and knees) I’ve probably used half the 50ml tin, and I think because of the light nature of the cream it doesn’t go as far as I’d expect as it is absorbed very quickly.

Previously arnica salve has been my go to for muscle recovery. Having used the Cross Pro CBD cream for a few days, I believe the muscle relief is better – and therefore it would be great to see in addition to this product an extension to the range that is more suitable for massage e.g oil / balm / salve.

I love that this product is organic, 100% plant based and comes in a small, lightweight metal tin which means it’s easily transportable in my bike packing set up or gym bag.

Lyndsey B,
Birmingham

https://www.ardoamarket.co.uk/pr/ardoa-active-crosspro-topical-cbd-muscle-joint-and-skin-recovery-cream-50-ml/



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The Cannabis Industrys Growing Threat of Business Email Compromise

The cannabis industry is still a new one, full of rapid growth that includes building new teams, new vendor relationships, and new protocols. The newness and rapid growth of this budding industry represents an incredible opportunity for threat actors who execute business email compromise (BEC) attacks.

Threat actors target the lack of familiarity and policies to trick cannabis industry employees, via phishing emails, into performing actions and/or divulging confidential information, including credentials and passwords.

In 2019, the FBI reported over $1.7 billion in losses due to BEC campaigns, and that only represents those incidents that companies reported. 

The Threat 

A BEC is a specific type of phishing designed to impersonate a genuine employee, often an executive, in order to trick other employees or vendors into wiring payments to unknown bank accounts that are quickly drained, leaving the funds difficult to retrieve.

It is part phishing, part intra-business social-engineering, utilizing situational awareness of business relationships to manipulate the movement of money. 

What makes BEC uniquely difficult to identify and report is the threat actor is often working within an authentic cannabis industry employee’s email account.

Almost all successful BECs start with a phishing campaign wherein an employee is deceived into believing they should provide their username or email and password in response to a seemingly genuine email. 

Phishing schemes are so sophisticated that some of the most effective phishing tests trick nearly 100% of recipients into clicking a malicious link.

Consistent use and reliance on e-mail has lulled many employees into losing sight of how quickly they can be duped. For example, a phishing test offering a free Netflix subscription as an employee perk deceived nearly 100% of its recipients.

Beyond alluring phishing emails are the mundane, highly effective tricks that suggest an employee’s Microsoft Outlook account requires updating or an alert about a large number of files deleted from a shared drive. 

Once an employee has fallen for the initial phishing email and provided their credentials, the threat actor is able to log into that employee’s email account and begin impersonating them.

It is much easier to identify a grift when it comes from an unknown individual associated with an unrecognized business, but it is a much tougher feat to discern a colleague or familiar vendor’s accounts payable contact is not who they say they are when one receives a message from their genuine email address. 

The Redirection 

Once the phishing attempt is successful and the threat actor is logged in with an authentic email account, the actor begins exploring. This often includes collecting old invoices and researching which employees, vendors, or customers are the best targets for a BEC scheme.

A favorite tactic is to identify a new CFO or a new vendor, any party that is unfamiliar with routine practices or unlikely to be sophisticated enough to have appropriate controls in place to prevent redirection of payment to the threat actor’s account.

Threat actors then set up rules within the email account, making sent and received emails virtually invisible to the authentic cannabis employee as they continue to use their account. These rules may redirect emails to a third email address or discretely push the email to standard folders found, and often unutilized, in every email account, such as RSS Feeds or Conversation History in Outlook.

These steps can allow a threat actor to dwell within an account for weeks, or months, effectively redirecting payments undetected. Often, because of the lag in time between invoice and payment, it can take multiple months and missed payment dates before the redirection of funds is identified. 

The fall-out is often a finger-pointing affair of determining which side of a redirected payment is at fault. A cannabis industry vendor demands payment for services provided while the dispensary argues that they were only following the updated payment directions they received in an email from the vendor. The vendor argues no such emails exist – because the emails have been deleted by the threat actor, they still expect payment for their service.

The dispensary initiates a forensic investigation and brings in breach counsel to determine with certainty that their email account was not subject to unauthorized access by a threat actor. And the situation escalates – in costs, in business disruption, in reputational harm, and in resources. 

State Compliance Requirements Built Into BEC

Besides the all-too-common battle that results between two parties victimized by a BEC depicted above, there are data breach compliance laws to address after the discovery of a BEC.

As if the cannabis industry did not have enough laws to keep track of, it is imperative to consider that when an unauthorized actor is in a cannabis employee’s email account they may be considered under law as accessing or downloading information that qualifies as personal information under applicable data breach notification laws.

Every state has a data breach notification law, under which specific responses are required of an impacted cannabis company, including potentially notifying affected individuals, notifying Attorneys General, and offering credit monitoring services to affected individuals.

These laws, as well as many contracts, require a vendor to provide notice to their business clients in such a situation. The result is a double-edged sword — there is a cost to investigating and responding to a BEC and an even heavier cost to ignoring this legal responsibility only to have that decision result in litigation or a regulatory investigation. 

What Next? 

Every day in cannabis there are new, well-publicized developments. New hires made, new mergers finalized, new relationships forged, and new markets opened. As a result, it is an increasingly fertile ground for BEC attacks.

There is a myriad of important steps sophisticated members of the industry can take – from preventative, like multi-factor authentication, to mitigating, such as implementing a strong record retention policy and payment-change protocol. 

Experienced technical and legal counsel should be retained to assist in the process of navigating the laws and security improvements applicable to businesses in evaluating regulatory requirements and technical safeguards, especially after detecting a business email compromise. ϖ



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Ketamine and CBD: The Valuable Interaction

Ketamine could be useful as an antidepressant due to its rapid-acting properties, but it brings on side effects that may stand in the way of its therapeutic use. Adding CBD to ketamine might reduce some of these side effects, the scientists find in a new study.

Research published in September in Neuropharmacology found that co-administration of CBD and ketamine induces antidepressant-like effects devoided from hyperlocomotor side-effects.

Ketamine as an antidepressant

Ketamine was primarily developed and used as an anesthetic. Later it was found that, at lower doses, it produces an antidepressant effect. Most interestingly, this antidepressant effect proved to be rapid and sustained. For that reason, ketamine represents one of the most attractive discoveries in the field of psychiatry over the past decade.

According to the World Health Organization estimations, depression will be the worldwide leading cause of disability by 2030. The scientists hope that ketamine could be efficient in the treatment of the major depressive disorder (MDD), a chronic and recurrent mental disorder causing reduced quality of life, medical morbidity, mortality, and social-economic losses. The diagnosis of MDD is based on a distinct change of mood, characterized by sadness or irritability and accompanied by at least several psychophysiological changes, such as disturbances in sleep, appetite, or sexual desire; constipation; loss of the ability to experience pleasure in work or with friends; crying; suicidal thoughts; and slowing of speech and action. Most clinically available antidepressants have two significant limitations – delayed onset of the therapeutic effect (2–4 weeks) and no satisfactory response in a considerable number of patients.

A sub-anesthetic dose (0.5 mg kg−1) of ketamine has demonstrated a rapid antidepressant benefit in depressed patients, including treatment-resistant depression and treatment-resistant bipolar depression. It prompts its rapid antidepressant effect within a couple of hours, and the effect can be sustained for up to two weeks. Crucially, ketamine is found to successfully induce its rapid effects against suicidal ideas.

In 2019, the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of S-ketamine (esketamine) in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Esketamine is more active than ketamine, with four times higher potency on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Those brain receptors have an important role in learning and memory, and are crucial for spatial memory, enabling space orientation.

Despite its obvious effectiveness, the broader use of S-ketamine is limited by some undesired side effects, such as psychotic symptoms and increased liability for abuse and dependence.

Ketamine side-effects

A 2013 study on 73 patients found that the most common adverse events with ketamine were dizziness, blurred vision, headache, nausea or vomiting, dry mouth, poor coordination, poor concentration, and restlessness. Significant dissociative symptoms occurred in 17% of the patients. The type of events reported was feeling outside of one’s body or perceiving that time is moving more slowly or more quickly than normal immediately after the infusion. These symptoms resolved in two hours.

The side effects of ketamine can be distressing, particularly in children; with recorded nightmares, delirium, and hallucinations. In adults, the most commonly reported psychotic side-effects are „elevator effect” or dissociative feeling, somnolence or insomnia, and sensory changes, i.e. taste disturbance or somatic sensations. When ketamine is given in large doses, patients quickly become unresponsive.

One of ketamine’s side effects is hyperlocomotion, investigated in this new study. Hyperlocomotion is incessant locomotion, usually appearing as a result of excessive stimulation of the nervous system. The hyperlocomotion, as a behavioral performance, is used for psychosis modeling and evaluation of the antipsychotic potential of molecules. Sometimes studies result in contradictory findings. The opposite results are usually explained by different protocols used. One previous research has shown that CBD at high doses could facilitate the hyperlocomotion induced by ketamine.

The new study

In this study, mice were administrated with 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg of CBD. As a result, co-administration of CBD (10 mg/kg) and S-ketamine (10 and 30 mg/kg) reduced the immobility time in the forced swimming test. In the open field test, pre-administration of CBD (10 mg/kg) prevented the hyperlocomotion induced by S-ketamine (30 mg/kg). CBD alone did not induce any significant effects on locomotion, nor did the combination drugs in smaller doses.

These results suggest that co-administration of CBD and S-ketamine could be an attractive therapeutic strategy in treating depression, by promoting antidepressant effects while preventing the psychostimulant side-effect of S-ketamine.

The findings are in line with the previous research that found that CBD inhibits the hyperlocomotion induced by dextroamphetamine or ketamine. In the newest study, however, the scientist went one step forward in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in this process. They found that there could be a potential common instrument of action for CBD and S-ketamine. For the first time, the results show that the antidepressant-like effect of CBD, similar to ketamine, depends on the activation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors.

CBD and mental health

There is already some scientific evidence that CBD could help with mental health. A study on 42 patients with schizophrenia found that starting with 200 mg per day and increasing stepwise by 200 mg per day to a daily dose of 200 mg four times daily help fight the symptoms. Also, CBD is efficient with anxiety in public speaking. As for depression, one of the major reasons people use CBD, we still lack clinical evidence. However, preclinical studies have shown the effectiveness of CBD with depression and chronic stress. Furthermore, it has been shown that ineffective doses of CBD (7 mg/kg), when coadministered with ineffective doses of antidepressants already in use for the treatment of depression, like fluoxetine (5 mg/kg) or desipramine (2.5 mg/kg), produced significant antidepressant-like effects. The newest study expresses a need for clinical research that would investigate if CBD could attenuate the psychotomimetic effects associated with S-ketamine administration in depressed individuals.

Ketamine-induced schizophrenia reversed to normal with CBD

Another brand new study published in October in Frontiers in Pharmacology evaluated the effects of CBD on the ketamine-induced expression of NMDA and AMPA receptors in rats with schizophrenia-like symptoms. Ketamine was used to provoke an experimental model of schizophrenia. After seven days of administration of 30 mg/kg of ketamine per day, the rats showed an increase in spontaneous and habituated motor activity. These behavioral changes were reversed to normal by subsequent chronic CBD treatment.

Here, the scientist found a phenomenon – CBD administration per se increased the expression of specific NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits in the prefrontal cortex of the brain. CBD attenuated the ketamine-induced effects although it induced specific effects in the same direction as compared to ketamine. Further research in this field is expected.

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Sunday 28 November 2021

Ask Ruby: Is it true that CBD boosts serotonin?

Every month our resident CBD and cannabis expert Ruby Deevoy answers your questions in her agony aunt column Ask Ruby. If you have a burning question about CBD or cannabis get in touch: askruby@leafie.co.uk

Dear Ruby,

I read recently that taking CBD oil increases serotonin in the body – is this true?

Yes, this is absolutely true! Although CBD oil is perhaps most famously known for its interaction with the endocannabinoid system, this is actually just one of the mechanisms the CBD molecule uses to help promote balance. But, despite how much it’s talked about, CBD doesn’t directly activate the ECS – rather, it inhibits the enzyme which breaks down our endocannabinoids, thus increasing endocannabinoid levels in the body. Other cannabinoids, like THC and CBG (which can be found in full-spectrum products), do directly activate the receptors, essentially meaning they can stand in for deficient endocannabinoids, but CBD can’t.

However, the CBD molecule does directly activate serotonin receptors! As well as vanillioid receptors (involved in pain transmission), and partial activation of dopamine receptors (involved in the potential treatment of Parkinson’s), among other actions.

As you’re asking, you may already know that this can have a big impact on many bodily functions – both mental and physical. SSRI medications also work by increasing serotonin levels (albeit, by blocking the ‘mopping up’ of serotonin rather than activating the release of it), and these are regularly prescribed to treat depression, anxiety, PTSD, bulimia, fibromyalgia and other conditions. A serotonin deficiency is believed to cause anxiety, depression, muscle pain, headaches, insomnia and more. Many doctors, cannabinoid researchers and CBD users believe a high-quality CBD oil can be used in much the same way as SSRIs, but without the side effects they’re infamous for. 

One 2018 study demonstrated exciting promise for the treatment of the effects of chronic stress. The test rats showed that induced stress over the course of 24 days resulted in decreased serotonin activity. After seven days of treatment with CBD, these levels were completely normalised. However, CBD might not be the serotonin superstar in the cannabis plant! Preclinical trials have indicated that CBDA (Cannabidiolic acid – the raw version of CBD) potentially has an even stronger affinity to serotonin receptors than CBD, with one study showing CBDa to be 1000 times more effective at combating nausea and anxiety than CBD, via serotonin receptor activation.

With this action in mind, it’s also worth noting that serotonin plays a major role in digestion, regulating sexual function (including avoiding severe PMS or PMDD), sleep and many other things. So, keeping your serotonin levels healthy, whether that’s by taking CBD oil regularly or by other means, is vitally important for a huge range of reasons. And can be extremely beneficial to those with a serotonin deficit. 



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The 2021 CBD Awards

Welcome to our 2021 CBD Awards!

After dozens of brand and product reviews conducted this year, this is our chance to recognize those who truly outperformed the competition in the following categories:

  • Best CBD Oil
  • Best CBD Gummy
  • Best CBD Topical
  • Best CBD Capsules
  • Best THC-Free Product
  • Best CBG Product
  • Best CBN Product
  • Best Value
  • Best Pet CBD
  • Most Innovative
  • Best Newcomer
  • Best CBD Brand

As always, we promise to uphold real merit as the only currency here; no brand can buy their way onto this list with anything other than high-quality products and practices. 

Since the competition is thickening all the time as industry newbies swagger their way onto the scene while the titans wrestle for supremacy, we had to get a little technical in our ranking methodology to separate some razor-thin margins.

CBD Awards of 2021: Table of Contents

  1. Our Ranking Criteria
  2. Best CBD Oil

Our Ranking Criteria

In the case of individual brand reviews we conduct throughout the year, we use these criteria to provide each brand an overall score out of 100 points.

Understandably, the more specific superlatives we’re doling out today require modified versions of these criteria, but the heart is very much the same.

To provide a few examples of the factors we borrowed from our brand review criteria, the products listed below are being recognized for their balanced and potent cannabinoid profiles, sustainability and quality of sourcing (organic?), overall value, extract availability (full-spectrum and broad-spectrum?), and more.

Alright, the host has babbled enough, the stage is set, and the nominees are fidgeting in their seats—let’s get to the awards!

Best CBD Oil: Cornbread Hemp

Whole Flower USDA Organic CBD Oil

Concentration

375mg/.5oz (25mg/serving)

750mg/1oz (25mg/serving)

1500mg/1oz (50mg/serving)

Price

375mg/.5oz: $34.99

750mg/1oz: $64.99

1500mg/1oz: $109.99

Use code BOGOINSIDER for a BOGO deal through 11/29!

Ingredients

Organic MCT Coconut Oil, Organic Hemp Extract

Just when we thought we had the hemp industry giants settled perfectly into their rankings, in saunters relative newcomer Cornbread Hemp, unabashedly slamming their flower-only, full-spectrum, USDA Organic CBD oil on the table as if to say “deal with it” to the rest of the industry. 

After reviewing the brand, sampling the products, meeting the founder, and thoroughly poking through the fine print, we have verified that all of their lofty claims are actually true.

This is one of only two products we’ve ever reviewed to hit all of the “big three” quality indicators at once (flower only, organic, full-spectrum), and like many industry leaders pushing for stronger tinctures, this one provides 50mg/2mg of CBD/THC per serving.

Better yet, the Kentucky hemp farms that Cornbread Hemp partners with are rain-fed, and they sit on a massive limestone deposit that improves soil and water quality.

The post The 2021 CBD Awards appeared first on The CBD Insider.



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Saturday 27 November 2021

LSD inspired moments in cinema

Cinema is awash with scenes that attempt to capture the psychedelic experience. From the gurning wonderment of Johnny Depp in Fear And Loathing In Las Vegas or Jack Nicholson tripping in a kaleidoscopic graveyard in Easy Rider, each decade has shared its own take on heightened sensory perception.

Here are some of my favourite scenes that have been captured on film where existential confusion never looked so good:

Enter The Void (2009)

I once met France’s gleefully deviant Gaspard Noé in a bar in Paris. As the shot glasses began to slam down, I had the audacity to tell him that I never really liked his movie ‘Enter The Void’. Not in the same way that I liked his earlier releases.

”Did you watch it on acid?” he asked me. ‘There’s nothing I can say to that,’ I thought and considered what a trip it could have been from the moment the curtain drew back; coming up with my brain bubbling.

Trapped in your seat in a cinema auditorium as the titles flash to a thumping and demonic soundtrack, this headrush of an opening makes you gasp for air. A promise that the movie cannot fulfil.

Le Peril Jeune (1994)

Romain Duris, who stars in this coming-of-age movie, went on to become a big star in French cinema. Here, he plays a hedonistic teenager who embarks on a journey of drug-taking in squats in the volatile era of 1970s Paris.

The acid scene captures the awe of coming up for the first time. Entering the baffling gloop of space and time. An abstract and all-encompassing experience shared with friends. Seeing them all for the first time again, reborn and absurd.

The Matrix (1999)

Everyone has a classic movie that they have somehow avoided seeing. For me, until recently, it was The Matrix. I couldn’t get all the way through it but the ‘Construct’ scene really hit home. Laurence Fishburne evokes someone with the presence of mind to help guide you through a trip. Keanu Reeves is suddenly standing there with a need to reset himself – the cloak of normality roughly whipped from his shoulders. Someone shattered by a new reality; dealing with the fascination of a sofa beneath trembling fingers and the horrors of skewed perception. We’ve all been there.

Skidoo (1968)

By the late 60s counterculture was already being satirised in Hollywood. Jackie Gleason plays a mobster who accidentally ingests LSD in his prison cell. His cellmate attempts to guide him away from his fears by encouraging him to allow his ego to dissolve. It is beautifully put:

”They don’t realise the life without ego, the beauty of egoless life. Your time has come when all things are like the void and cloudless sky and the naked spotless intellect is like a transparent vacuum”.

The hot flush of jerking from repression to realisation is a joy to watch on Gleason’s face.

The Trip (1967)

Roger Corman seized the zeitgeist here when directing Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper – both hugely responsible for pushing the counterculture of the era. It is a movie that displays to its audience the terrifyingly colossal universe of LSD and how it teeters into places you just might not be able to handle. Challenging the establishment and freeing themselves from the constraints of what American life expects from you, The Trip captures the energy of rebellion by allowing us to see what it is to choose to experience life ecstatically raw. It is Terrence McKenna on celluloid.

I can’t bring myself to pull one scene from this movie over another. So here’s the trailer instead.

Mandy (2018)

I watched Mandy in a tiny cinema in Los Feliz in L.A. I had no idea that audiences in U.S. cinemas cheer and applaud throughout a movie as if at a boxing match or a public execution. Thankfully, Mandy is a movie that can only benefit from such audience participation. On a bad trip laced with revenge, Nicholas Cage is hellbent on wanton destruction of everything around him that has caused him pain. Including his own ego.

Here we watch him come up on acid:

Jacobs Ladder (1990)

Tim Robbins stars as the washed-out army veteran who suffers from the aftermath of when LSD was tested on soldiers back in Vietnam. The movie documents the panic and bile of a creepingly abrasive New York City. At every turn, Jacob has visions that take him to the edge of his own sanity. Flashback after flashback. One long bad trip for a man haunted by an uncertain past. Here, at a party with his girlfriend, paranoia gets the better of him to the point of collapse.

Midsommar (2019)

It’s not the directing or special effects that capture the sensation of LSD in this scene but rather the raw emotion of Florence Pugh who plays Dani. Her vicious wrangling with the pretense of normality as the trip begins to take hold allows us to feel her panic spiralling out of control. We focus on the tortured intimacy of her breath. It is here where we hear her holding back, pushing down and fighting against a tremendous emotion that fizzes within her. It’s a reckoning that she cannot avoid and it’s captured beautifully.



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Friday 26 November 2021

Psychedelics and the default mode network

Our perception of ourselves is at the core of our reality. Notice that when you feel good about yourself, the way you view the world changes. The sky is brighter. People are kinder. And when our self-image declines, the world becomes a darker place.  

Psychedelic drugs can completely remodel our sense of self. They hold the potential to collapse the brain networks that govern our ego so that our worldview is no longer dependant on how we see ourselves. Under the influence of a psychedelic drug, you become your reality; interconnected with the world, rather than a separate entity. 

The brain network responsible? The default mode network.

What is the default mode network?

The innovation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the 90s revolutionised the way we study the brain. fMRI allows us to view brain activity in real-time, helping researchers to understand how the brain functions during specific cognitive tasks. 

The default mode network (DMN) is a term coined by neurologist Marcus Raichle in 2001. Identified using fMRI, it refers to a group of brain regions that are most active during spontaneous, absentminded thought: mind-wandering. Activity in the DMN is our brain’s resting state- or default mode

Let’s take a deep dive into the human brain. The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are the two hub regions of the default mode network. The PCC is most active during introspective thought, and the mPFC when processing emotions. Together, they communicate to generate our ego.

The role of the ego is to make us feel important. This was essential for our evolutionary survival, allowing us to differentiate between ourselves, others, and our surroundings. But the ego is loud, and our perception of ourselves is not always positive. Researchers have noted a correlation between overactivity in the DMN and poor mental health. 

Hard-wired negative thinking

Humans are mental time travellers; we can reminisce on our past and project ourselves into the future. But we often dwell on uncomfortable moments in our past and worry about our future. Self-reflection can easily become self-criticism, causing our DMN to go into overdrive.

Picture this. You’re walking down the street and you trip over. People notice, but everyone soon forgets it ever happened. You, however, can’t stop playing it over and over in your head. Consumed with worry and embarrassment, you struggle to sleep. It feels as though your thoughts don’t have an off button.

Rumination is a sustained fixation on a negative thought or emotion. You could be agonising over an upsetting conversation, worrying about an upcoming test, or fixating on insecurity. Whatever the thought, it goes round and round in your head, unable to stop. Rumination is the biggest predictor of mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression. It triggers a process called neuroplasticity, which hard-wires negativity into our brain- and here’s how:

Self-deprecating thoughts amplify the ego, strengthening existing neural connections in the DMN. When these thoughts are repetitive and constant, the DMN becomes stronger over time. Put simply, the more we ruminate, the easier it becomes to slip into a negative mindset. 

Psychedelics interrupt the DMN

Historically, natural hallucinogens, psilocybin and DMT, have been used in holistic medicine for thousands of years. Following the discovery of LSD in 1938, the clinical use of psychedelics in psychiatry was discovered. In the 50s and 60s, LSD was investigated as a tool to treat alcoholism, though the research was halted in the 70s following a political backlash against the hippy counterculture. But psychedelic research is making a comeback.

Psychedelic drugs hijack the brain’s default mode of function. They cause the resting brain network to deteriorate, opening up the possibility of diverse communication between brain regions. This disorganised cross-talk alters consciousness, cultivating a new way of thinking.

Until recently, the psychedelic brain state has remained an inexplicable mystery. Research pioneered by Dr Robin Carhart-Harris in the Centre for Psychedelic Research at Imperial College London has begun to reveal some of these neurological underpinnings; the psychedelic experience is dependent on the collapse of the DMN

Death of the ego

In a neuroimaging study of LSD, a single high dose was able to disintegrate the default mode network; the weaker its integrity, the stronger the ‘loss of self’. When DMN regions stop talking to each other, our ego is hushed.

In day-to-day life, the ego is a barrier between us and rational thinking, as a poor self-image can be detrimental to our mental health. In the psychedelic experience, these barriers are dissolved, allowing us to see the bigger picture and confront our problems. 

In the right environment, psychedelics encourage deep reflection without the restraints of a self-critical ego. In a state of higher consciousness, this unlocks the brain’s potential to form new neural connections and completely remodel our mental state. 

The future of mental health

It does not seem to be an exaggeration to say that psychedelics, used responsibly and with proper caution, would be for psychiatry what the microscope is for biology and medicine or the telescope is for astronomy.”
– Dr Stanislav Grof, 1980

The ability of psychedelics to alter consciousness has been documented for thousands of years. As our understanding of their safety is growing, scientists are now investigating controlled psychedelic use within psychiatric practice. 

Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is the clinical use of psychedelic substances within a traditional therapy session. With the guidance of a professional therapist, psychedelics can override the DMN and subsequently halt negative thinking. They can evoke profound personal revelations, resulting in lasting shifts in perspective and mindset. 

The results of psychedelic therapy trials have been impressive. Doses of LSD and psilocybin have shown to be hugely effective at treating depression, anxiety, and addiction. MDMA shows huge promise in the treatment of PTSD. In comparison with traditional mental health treatments, psychedelic therapy is a fast-acting intervention with long-lasting improvements, even in treatment-resistant patients.

Psychedelic therapy is said to be a reboot for the brain. Like a computer, the brain communicates in electrical signals. Psychedelics switch off self-critical brain pathways- the default mode network- and switch on new connections, encouraging a new, more positive way of thinking. It’s the human equivalent of ‘turning it off and on again.’

Scientists may understand the potential of these powerful substances, but governments are lagging behind. In the UK, psychedelics remain schedule 1 drugs under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 and many clinical avenues have failed to be explored because of these restrictions.

With an increasing body of evidence in support of their use in psychiatry, it is easy to marvel at the wonders of psychedelics. But there are many more scientific hurdles to jump; many details of psychedelics and consciousness remain a mystery.

Despite the roadblocks, the outlook for psychedelics is optimistic. They hold the possibility of revolutionising the treatment of mental health issues, and our expanding knowledge of the default mode network is assisting the process.  



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A Very Big Company Just Jumped Into Canadas Cannabis Industry

News broke early this week that Uber Technologies Inc is teaming up with Canadian cannabis retailer Tokyo Smoke.

The news was first reported by Reuters and initial reports misstated that Uber would allow cannabis to be ordered through the Uber app and delivered.

However, that initial reporting was later updated to reflect that orders can be placed through the app, although, customers will still need to obtain their cannabis the old fashioned way.

Still, even Uber’s limited entry into the cannabis space is a big deal given how large the company is and that it previously had no known ties to the cannabis industry.

Part of a Larger Trend

Uber Technologies Inc is not the first large company to enter the cannabis space. It is part of the continued mainstreaming of the legal cannabis industry.

As the emerging legal cannabis industry continues to evolve, and more notably continues to generate enormous revenue, there will be a steady flow of large companies entering the space.

That could be bad news for operators in entire sectors of the cannabis industry that have benefitted from big technology companies shying away from cannabis due to stigma and continued prohibition in some areas.

Cannabis delivery services are very popular in some areas because they fill a void. Once the Ubers of the world start performing that same service, it will obviously be much harder for smaller delivery companies to compete.

The same will be true for many technological concepts that are currently operating in the cannabis space.

Finding a Niche

Cannabis entrepreneurs that provide certain services still have time to establish themselves with consumers and patients before most of the big companies enter the space.

Now is the time for those companies to build their brand recognition and prove to consumers that they can provide just as good (or better) of a service as big companies.

People that think they have a good idea in the current industry climate need to focus on their long term plans in addition to their immediate plans.

Otherwise, a really big fish could enter the fold and if the person/company didn’t plan for that happening, it could be the difference between them continuing on or getting pushed out of the industry entirely.



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Thursday 25 November 2021

A Plea for Consistent Cannabis Regulations in Europe

Cannabis reform is spreading across the European continent faster than ever before, which is great news for cannabis consumers, entrepreneurs, patients, and governments.

Many European governments waste a ridiculous amount of money every year enforcing cannabis prohibition.

Thankfully, the walls of cannabis prohibition are crumbling, and while no country in Europe has fully legalized cannabis for adult use, several are on a path to fully legalize sooner rather than later.

Many are pursuing reform measures, and in the Netherlands, a regulated adult-use industry pilot program is ramping up.

Italy’s Supreme Court recently ruled that cannabis prohibition is unconstitutional and tasked lawmakers to craft and approve a cannabis legalization measure.

Unfortunately, legislators have dragged their feet thus far. However, full legalization is likely inevitable in Italy, with some legal protections for consumers already being in place via case law.

In Switzerland, low-THC cannabis is already legal and gaining in popularity with every passing year. Cannabis flower that contains less than 1% has been legal in Switzerland since 2017. 

Some countries in Europe, such as Germany, now permit robust medical cannabis industries. For certain regions, cannabis is already legal in Europe, and that freedom will continue to spread to the rest of the population. 

Unfortunately, Europe’s cannabis laws and regulations have become a patchwork of sorts, much like in the United States at the state level.

The discrepancies in policies and regulations are compounded by the fact that at the national level things are constantly evolving as well, which can be very chaotic and stressful for members of the cannabis industry.

Clearly, there is a tremendous need for harmonized rules and regulations across the European continent.

Not only does every country need to get on the right side of history and end cannabis prohibition, but they also need to be on the same page when it comes to packaging requirements, advertising requirements, product testing, cannabinoid limits, etc.

Cannabis reform will not wait for countries to get on the same page — the reform movement will continue to march across Europe, and the industry will only thrive as much as policies and regulations allow at the continental level.

If things remain a patchwork, it’s nearly impossible for companies to reach their full potential, for customers to get what they want, for patients to get the safe access that they need, and for government coffers to benefit from a thriving industry.

Compliance is a two-way street.

Cannabis industry rules need to be uniform and reasonable across Europe to help companies strike the right balance between public safety and consumer needs. That needs to happen sooner rather than later. ϖ



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Police presence at music festivals leads to “panic overdoses”

A recent Australian study published in Drug and Alcohol Review has found that police presence at music festivals can lead some attendees to “panic overdose”. 

The study, led by researchers from St Vincent’s Clinical School at the University of NSW, surveyed festival-goers at six major Australian music festivals that took place between November 2019 and March 2020.

1229 participants were asked to self-complete an anonymous survey about their intended drug use and associated higher-risk behaviours. Behaviours identified included double dropping (consuming two or more doses of MDMA at once), mixing stimulants, (higher-volume alcohol use alongside drug use), and preloading (consuming all of their drugs prior to entering the festival).

Of the 1229 participants, 30% used or planned to use drugs at the festival. Of those using MDMA, almost 50% reported double dropping. People using drugs for the first time were three times more likely than regular drug users to take higher-volume ethanol alongside drug use. Maybe less surprising was the findings that men were also more likely to engage in higher-risk behaviours.

The survey findings on types of drugs taken are not surprising with MDMA reported as the most commonly used drug of choice. 77% of those who reported using drugs said they had used it that day or intended to. Other drugs including cocaine, cannabis, LSD/acid and ketamine were also recorded.

This study findings call for a change in approach to drug surveillance and policing culture at festivals and large events. One alarming outcome of the survey reported that the police and police dog presence influenced drug use with consumers increasing the odds to decide to consume all their drugs prior to entering the site in an attempt to avoid being caught.

This study calls for a change in drug surveillance and policing culture at festivals and large events.

In 2017 British music festival Creamfields released a set of warning posters prior to the event.

But rather than ‘nudging’ the festival-goers into abstaining from drug-taking, it caused fear and panic amongst the first time drug users, in particular. The survey findings suggest that this policing approach could scare individuals into consuming all of their drugs before entering the site. Scaremongering among young festival-goers may end up causing more harm than good.

Adam Waugh, senior healthcare team of drug checking and harm reduction organisation The Loop says, “there are a number of measures which venues could consider if they want to improve customer safety. Drug checking has been shown to reduce high-risk drug use. Events should consider investing in drugs awareness training for their staff, and providing experienced and properly funded welfare teams. These are all likely to be more effective than sniffer dogs, which may actually increase the likelihood of people taking drugs in a higher risk way.”

Redistributing some of the money that is put into drugs surveillance and policing and channelling it into drug safety testing and harm reduction services would potentially be a safer and smarter move in protecting festival attendees.



from leafie https://www.leafie.co.uk/news/police-presence-at-music-festivals-leads-to-panic-overdoses/
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